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The results showed that the local h-d equations with two parameters performed better than the analogous models with three parameters.

For the calibration of the mixed models and in order to be consistent with the fitting procedure, the FOCE method was also used to test different sampling designs. The best local and generalized models selected, were also tested as mixed models applying a first-order conditional expectation (FOCE) approximation procedure and maximum likelihood methods to estimate fixed and random effects. Model fitting was conducted by using usual nonlinear least squares (nls) methods. Using data collected locally, several local and generalized h-d equations from the literature were tested and adaptations were also considered. In this work, the relationship between diameter at breast height (d) and total height (h) of individual-tree was modeled with the aim to establish provisory height-diameter (h-d) equations for maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands in the Lomba ZIF, Northeast Portugal.

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